Cancer Sites and Variables
Delay-adjusted incidence rates and trends are reported for all cancers combined (malignant only except for urinary
bladder), for female breast in situ, for urinary bladder (in situ and malignant), and for 22 malignant cancer sites:
melanoma (for all races combined and whites only), lung/bronchus, colon/rectum, prostate, female breast, liver and intrahepatic bile duct,
pancreas, cervix uteri, corpus and uterus, ovary, testis, kidney and renal pelvis, brain and other nervous system,
Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, all leukemias, esophagus, larynx, myeloma, oral cavity and pharynx, thyroid,
and stomach.
A delay distribution models the probability of a cancer being reported after a delay of d years (d
= 2, 3, ...25). The number of cancers reported at each delay year is assumed to follow a Poisson distribution. Cases
are removed as corrections to the data are made, and the probability of removing cases is modeled as a binomial distribution.
To reduce the number of parameters that have to be estimated and to achieve stability in the tails of the delay distributions,
an assumption is made that all cancer cases will be reported within 25 years of diagnosis.
Covariates Used in the Final Delay Distributions, By Cancer Site, and Race
The delay distributions were modeled as a function of covariates using a discrete-time proportional hazards model.
The following potential covariates are included: age at diagnosis, sex, diagnosis year, delay times, and race/ethnicity.
For each cancer site, a delay distribution was calculated for all races combined and a separate delay distribution
was calculated for whites and blacks. In the distributions for all races combined, if a patient's race value changed
between two submission years the change of value does not contribute to the delay model. For melanoma, only all races
combined and whites were analyzed because melanoma is rare for blacks.
Potential Covariates
Delay Time d:
Group 1 : d > 2 or d > 3
Group 2 : d > 2, d > 3, d > 4, or d > 5
Group 3 : d > 2, d > 3, ... , d > 10
Year of Diagnosis:
Individual years from 1981 - 2005
or
Year groups (1981-1985, 1986-1990, or 1991-2005)
Age at Diagnosis:
<50, 50-64, 65+
Sex:
Male, Female
Race/Ethnicity:
White, Black
Reporting year effect: see technical report for addition details (Zao et al,. 2009)
Covariates Contributing to the Delay Distributions
| Site |
Race |
SEER 9 Contributing Covariates |
SEER 13-9 Contributing Covariates |
| All Cancer Sites Combined
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Year Groups), Sex |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Sex, Race |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
| Brain and Other Nervous System
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 2 |
Delay Time Group 1, Sex |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 2 |
Delay Time Group 1, Sex, Race |
| Female Breast
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Year Groups) |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
| Female Breast (in situ)
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
| Cervix Uteri
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
| Colon and Rectum
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 2 |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Sex |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
| Corpus and Uterus, NOS
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 2 |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
Delay Time Group 1, Race |
| Esophagus
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 3 |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Sex |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 1 |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Sex |
| Hodgkin Lymphoma
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
| Kidney and Renal Pelvis
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Age at Diagnosis |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Sex |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Sex, Race |
| Larynx
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 2 |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 2, Sex |
Delay Time Group 1 |
| Leukemia
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Year Groups), Age at Diagnosis |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Age at Diagnosis, Sex |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Age at Diagnosis |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Sex, Race |
| Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 3, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Sex |
Delay Time Group 1, Sex |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Sex |
Delay Time Group 1, Sex |
| Lung and Bronchus
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Age at Diagnosis, Sex |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Sex |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Age at Diagnosis, Sex, Race |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Sex, Race |
| Melanoma of the Skin
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Year Groups) |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
| Myeloma
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Age at Diagnosis, Sex |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Sex |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
| Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 3, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
| Oral Cavity and Pharynx
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Year Groups), Sex |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Sex |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
| Ovary
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 3, Year of Diagnosis (Year Groups) |
Delay Time Group 1 |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 3, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
Delay Time Group 1, Race |
| Pancreas
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 2, Sex |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Age at Diagnosis |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 2, Sex, Race |
Delay Time Group 1, Age at Diagnosis, Sex, Race |
| Prostate
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Age at Diagnosis, Race |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
| Stomach
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 2 |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years) |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 2, Sex |
Delay Time Group 1, Race |
| Testis
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 1, Age at Diagnosis |
Not Yet Available |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 2 |
Not Yet Available |
| Thyroid
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 1 |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Sex |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Sex, Race |
| Urinary Bladder
| All Races
| Delay Time Group 2 |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Sex |
| White, Black
| Delay Time Group 2, Sex |
Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual Years), Race |
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